ABSTRACT
The Endodontic paradigm is based on thorough debridement, disinfection followed by three-dimensional obturation of root canal system. A comprehensive knowledge of canal anatomy and its variation is crucial because untreated root canals can lead to endodontic failure. The prognosis of endodontic treatment in teeth exhibiting a complex anatomy is unfavourable if clinicians fail to recognize extra canals. Many investigators have reported anatomical variations associated with mandibular canine. Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases, although approximately 6% may have two canals and sometimes two roots (1.2%). This case demonstrates the successful endodontic treatment of a right mandibular canine with an extra root.
ABSTRACT
Immediate loading of implant has become a hot topic in implant dentistry. It shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to provide the patient with an aesthetic reconstruction during the whole treatment period. The clinical role of Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding. Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum. It is one of the most poisonous naturally occurring substances in the world. Though it is highly toxic, it is used in minute doses both to treat dental conditions and as a cosmetic treatment. This article reviews the prophylactic and therapeutic role of Botulinum toxin A in immediate loading of dental implant therapy.